Army 91L (Construction Equipment Repairer) to Civilian: Complete Career Transition Guide (2025 Salary Data)

Bottom Line Up Front

Army 91L Construction Equipment Repairers—you didn't just fix trucks and dozers. You diagnosed complex hydraulic failures on excavators, rebuilt transmissions on wheel loaders, troubleshot electrical systems on graders, repaired diesel engines on dump trucks, and maintained million-dollar construction equipment that built bases, cleared routes, and supported engineering operations worldwide. Your diagnostic troubleshooting on Caterpillar, John Deere, and Case equipment, hydraulic and pneumatic systems expertise, diesel engine repair, electrical diagnostics, welding skills, and ability to perform field repairs under pressure make you exactly what civilian construction, mining, agriculture, and equipment rental industries desperately need. Realistic first-year salaries range from $50,000-$65,000 for heavy equipment mechanics, scaling to $70,000-$90,000 with ASE certifications and field service experience. Senior technicians, field service supervisors, and dealership shop foremen can earn $85,000-$110,000+. The demand is real—you have marketable skills.

Your 91L experience translates directly into five high-demand civilian career paths: heavy equipment mechanic (construction, mining, agriculture), diesel technician (trucks, buses, heavy equipment), field service technician (on-site equipment repair for dealers and rental companies), equipment rental technician (United Rentals, Sunbelt Rentals, Herc Rentals), and mining equipment mechanic (coal, minerals, precious metals mining operations). Construction is booming, infrastructure spending is massive, and experienced technicians are in short supply nationwide.

The timeline is realistic: Immediate hire possible with your 91L experience at $50K-$60K entry-level; 6-12 months to earn ASE certifications and reach $65K-$75K; 2-3 years to become senior technician or field service specialist earning $75K-$95K; 5-7 years to reach shop foreman or service manager positions at $90K-$110K+. Caterpillar dealers, John Deere dealerships, Komatsu distributors, United Rentals, mining companies, and construction firms are hiring NOW. Your skills are in demand—target the right employers.

What Does an Army 91L Do?

As a Construction Equipment Repairer, you supervised and performed field and sustainment maintenance on the Army's fleet of engineer equipment—everything from bulldozers, excavators, scrapers, graders, wheel loaders, backhoes, dump trucks, forklifts, cranes, and asphalt pavers to rock crushers, concrete mixers, and specialized earthmoving equipment. You weren't working on light vehicles—you maintained Caterpillar D7 dozers, John Deere excavators, Case backhoes, JLG telehandlers, Grove cranes, and other heavy iron critical to engineering missions.

Your work included diagnosing hydraulic system failures (pumps, valves, cylinders, hoses), rebuilding diesel engines and transmissions, troubleshooting electrical and electronic control systems, repairing final drives and differentials, welding structural repairs, replacing undercarriage components (tracks, rollers, idlers), performing preventive maintenance, and conducting battlefield damage assessment and repair (BDAR). You used diagnostic software, hydraulic test equipment, multimeters, welders, and torque wrenches to keep equipment operational.

You worked in motor pools, forward operating bases, and field environments—often with limited parts, improvising solutions, and repairing equipment under time pressure to keep engineering missions on schedule. When a dozer broke down clearing a route or an excavator failed during a construction project, commanders called you. That's troubleshooting under pressure with mission consequences.

Skills You've Developed

Technical Skills (Directly Transferable)

Hydraulic systems diagnosis and repair: You troubleshot hydraulic pumps, control valves, cylinders, motors, hoses, and fittings on excavators, loaders, and dozers—identical to civilian construction and mining equipment. Hydraulic skills are gold in heavy equipment careers.

Diesel engine repair and diagnostics: You diagnosed and repaired diesel engines (fuel systems, turbochargers, cooling systems, air intake, exhaust)—directly transferable to diesel mechanic, heavy truck technician, and power generation roles earning $60K-$85K.

Electrical and electronic troubleshooting: You traced wiring, tested sensors and controllers, repaired alternators and starters, diagnosed CAN bus systems, and used diagnostic software—critical for modern equipment with electronic controls.

Transmission and drivetrain repair: You rebuilt powershift transmissions, torque converters, final drives, differentials, and axles—skills valuable for heavy equipment, truck, and automotive technician roles.

Welding and fabrication: You performed structural welding (stick, MIG, TIG), fabricated brackets and mounts, and repaired cracked frames—valuable for field service, mining, and heavy industrial maintenance roles.

Preventive maintenance programs: You followed technical manuals, performed scheduled services (oil changes, filter replacements, lubrication, inspections), documented maintenance, and tracked service intervals—foundation of equipment reliability programs in all industries.

Heavy equipment operation: You operated equipment to diagnose problems and test repairs—valuable for field service roles requiring equipment knowledge.

Technical manual interpretation: You read and applied Army TMs, hydraulic schematics, wiring diagrams, and parts manuals—translates directly to using manufacturer service manuals in dealerships and repair shops.

Soft Skills (Equally Valuable)

Problem-solving under pressure: When mission-critical equipment failed in the field with limited parts and resources, you diagnosed the problem and fixed it—that's the definition of field service expertise that dealers and contractors desperately need.

Accountability and ownership: You maintained equipment worth millions and ensured readiness for engineering missions—civilian employers need technicians who take ownership and deliver results.

Adaptability: You worked in extreme environments, improvised repairs with limited resources, and solved problems independently—civilian repair work rarely matches that difficulty.

Training and mentorship: You trained junior soldiers on equipment repair, diagnostics, and safety—preparation for senior technician and supervisor roles requiring leadership.

Safety consciousness: You worked with hydraulics under high pressure, heavy equipment, welding, and hazardous materials following strict safety protocols—critical for construction, mining, and industrial careers requiring OSHA compliance.

Top Civilian Career Paths for 91L Veterans

Heavy Equipment Mechanic (Most Direct Path)

Civilian job titles:

Heavy Equipment Mechanic
Heavy Equipment Service Technician
Construction Equipment Mechanic
Mobile Equipment Technician
Earthmoving Equipment Mechanic
Heavy Duty Equipment Technician

Salary ranges (2024-2025 data):

Entry-level Heavy Equipment Mechanic (0-2 years): $50,000-$60,000
Experienced Technician (3-5 years, ASE certs): $60,000-$75,000
Senior Technician (5-10 years): $70,000-$90,000
Master Technician/Shop Foreman: $80,000-$105,000
Service Manager: $90,000-$120,000+

Geographic variations:

Alaska: $68,000-$95,000 (mining, oil/gas, extreme conditions)
California (union): $75,000-$100,000+ (prevailing wage, union scale)
Texas/Wyoming/Colorado: $60,000-$85,000 (energy, mining, construction)
Oregon/Washington: $65,000-$90,000 (construction, forestry)

What translates directly: Everything. You're already a heavy equipment mechanic. Civilian construction companies, equipment rental firms, and municipalities operate the same Caterpillar, John Deere, Case, Komatsu, and Volvo equipment you maintained in the Army.

Certifications needed:

ASE Heavy-Duty Truck Certifications (T1-T8 series covering diesel engines, drivetrains, brakes, electrical): $112 per advanced test. Earning 4+ ASE certs increases salary $5K-$10K.
Manufacturer certifications (Caterpillar, John Deere, Case, Komatsu): Often employer-provided but valuable for career advancement. Free to $2,000 depending on program.
Hydraulic Certification (AED, Parker Hannifin, Bosch Rexroth): $500-$2,000. Strengthens troubleshooting expertise.
OSHA 10 or OSHA 30: $50-$200. Required by many construction and mining employers.
CDL License (optional but valuable for field service roles requiring equipment transport): $3,000-$5,000 for training and testing.

Companies actively hiring:

Caterpillar dealers nationwide: Finning, Wagner Equipment, Blanchard, Cashman, Cleveland Brothers, Quinn Company (40+ independent dealers)
John Deere Construction dealers: Flatiron, RDO Equipment, Papé Machinery, Cervus Equipment (50+ dealers nationwide)
Komatsu distributors: Road Machinery, Kirby-Smith, Linder Industrial Machinery, Modern Machinery (20+ distributors)
Case Construction dealers: NESCO, Parrish Equipment, McClung-Logan (dealers nationwide)
Volvo Construction Equipment dealers: Flagler, Carolina Cat, Peterson Machinery (15+ dealers)
Equipment rental companies: United Rentals, Sunbelt Rentals, Herc Rentals, NESCO Rentals, Ahern Rentals
Construction companies: Bechtel, Kiewit, Turner Construction, Fluor, AECOM, Skanska
Mining companies: BHP, Rio Tinto, Freeport-McMoRan, Newmont Mining, Barrick Gold, Peabody Energy
Municipalities and state DOTs: Every state, county, and city maintains construction equipment fleets

Reality check: Heavy equipment work can be physically demanding (climbing on machines, working outdoors, lifting heavy components) and may require travel for field service roles. But demand is high, pay is solid, overtime is common, and experienced techs are always in demand. Many dealers offer company trucks, tools, manufacturer training, and excellent benefits. This is the most direct transition for 91Ls.

Best for: 91Ls who want to continue heavy equipment work, prefer hands-on technical careers, and want immediate employment with strong earning potential.

Field Service Technician (Highest Earning Potential)

Civilian job titles:

Field Service Technician
Mobile Heavy Equipment Technician
On-Site Equipment Technician
Customer Support Technician
Equipment Field Engineer
Traveling Service Technician

Salary ranges (2024-2025 data):

Entry-level Field Service Tech: $55,000-$65,000 + per diem
Experienced Field Tech (3-5 years): $70,000-$90,000 + expenses
Senior Field Service Tech: $85,000-$105,000 + per diem/truck
Field Service Supervisor/Manager: $95,000-$125,000+

What translates directly: Field service techs travel to customer sites (construction sites, mines, farms, logging operations) to diagnose and repair equipment—exactly like your field maintenance experience in the Army. You'll work independently, troubleshoot complex failures, and perform repairs on-site with the parts and tools you bring.

Key advantages for 91Ls:

You're already trained for field repairs with limited resources
You can diagnose problems independently without shop supervision
You have experience improvising solutions and working under pressure
Military discipline and customer service skills are valued

Certifications valuable for this path:

ASE Heavy Equipment/Diesel certifications: Strengthens credibility with customers
Manufacturer-specific training: Caterpillar, John Deere, Komatsu dealer training (often employer-provided)
CDL (Class A or B): Often required to drive service trucks carrying parts and equipment ($3,000-$5,000)
Welding certifications: AWS certifications valuable for field repairs ($500-$1,500)
OSHA 30-Hour: Demonstrates safety knowledge for construction/mining sites ($150-$250)

Companies actively hiring field service techs:

Equipment dealers: All major Caterpillar, John Deere, Komatsu, Case dealers employ field service teams
Rental companies: United Rentals, Sunbelt Rentals (field maintenance for customer equipment)
Mining equipment specialists: Joy Global, Sandvik, Atlas Copco, Epiroc
Power generation companies: Caterpillar Electric Power, Cummins Power Generation, Kohler, Generac
Crane and lifting equipment: Manitowoc, Terex, Grove, Liebherr
Agricultural equipment: AGCO, Kubota, New Holland dealers

Reality check: Field service requires travel (often 50-75% overnight travel), long hours during breakdowns (emergency calls at night/weekends), and working in all weather conditions. But compensation is excellent—per diem ($50-$100/day covers meals and expenses), company trucks (often take home), tool allowances, and bonuses. Many techs earn $85K-$105K+ within 3-5 years. It's demanding but highly paid.

Best for: 91Ls who don't mind travel, enjoy troubleshooting independently, want higher earnings, and prefer working directly with customers at job sites rather than in a shop.

Diesel Technician (Broader Opportunities)

Civilian job titles:

Diesel Mechanic
Diesel Technician
Heavy-Duty Truck Technician
Fleet Diesel Mechanic
Mobile Diesel Technician
Diesel Engine Specialist

Salary ranges (2024-2025 data):

Entry-level Diesel Technician: $45,000-$55,000
Experienced Diesel Tech (3-5 years, ASE): $55,000-$70,000
Senior Diesel Technician: $65,000-$85,000
Diesel Shop Foreman: $75,000-$95,000
Fleet Maintenance Manager: $85,000-$110,000+

Industry-specific pay:

Mining diesel mechanics: $70,000-$95,000 (coal, metals, remote work)
Transportation/trucking: $55,000-$75,000 (steady work, union shops higher)
Construction/heavy equipment: $60,000-$85,000 (equipment diversity)
Government/municipalities: $55,000-$75,000 (excellent benefits, pension)

What translates directly: Your experience with diesel engines, fuel systems, air intake, exhaust, turbochargers, and cooling systems on heavy equipment translates perfectly to diesel truck, bus, and fleet maintenance roles.

Certifications needed:

ASE Diesel Certifications (T series): T2 (Diesel Engines), T3 (Drivetrain), T4 (Brakes), T5 (Suspension/Steering), T6 (Electrical Systems), T7 (HVAC), T8 (Preventive Maintenance). $112 per advanced test. Earning 4-8 tests qualifies as Master Diesel Technician (significant pay increase).
EPA 609 Certification (mobile A/C for trucks): $20-$50. Required for HVAC work on trucks/buses.
CDL License (optional but valuable for test-driving trucks): $3,000-$5,000.

Companies actively hiring diesel techs:

Trucking and logistics: UPS, FedEx, XPO Logistics, Old Dominion Freight Line, J.B. Hunt, Schneider
Waste management: Republic Services, Waste Management Inc., Waste Connections
Transit agencies: Metropolitan transit authorities in every major city (buses, rail maintenance)
Rental truck companies: Penske, Ryder, Enterprise Truck Rental, U-Haul
Construction companies: Bechtel, Kiewit, Fluor (maintaining truck fleets)
Government fleets: USPS, GSA motor pools, military installations (federal civilian positions)
School districts: Bus maintenance departments (stable, benefits-heavy positions)

Reality check: Diesel tech work is steadier than construction-focused heavy equipment roles (less weather-dependent, more consistent hours). Pay is solid, especially with ASE certifications and in union shops. Many transportation and logistics companies offer strong benefits, company training, and advancement to supervisor/manager roles. It's a stable, long-term career with clear paths for growth.

Best for: 91Ls who want stable employment, prefer working on trucks/buses/fleets over construction equipment, and value consistent schedules and benefits.

Equipment Rental Technician

Civilian job titles:

Equipment Rental Technician
Rental Equipment Mechanic
Rental Fleet Technician
Rental Service Technician
Equipment Ready Technician

Salary ranges (2024-2025 data):

Entry-level Rental Technician: $45,000-$55,000
Experienced Rental Tech (3-5 years): $55,000-$70,000
Senior/Lead Technician: $65,000-$80,000
Rental Branch Technician Supervisor: $70,000-$90,000
Regional Fleet Manager: $85,000-$110,000+

What translates directly: Rental companies maintain diverse fleets (aerial lifts, forklifts, excavators, skid steers, generators, compressors, light towers, welders)—exactly the variety of equipment you serviced as a 91L. You'll inspect returned equipment, diagnose issues, perform preventive maintenance, and ensure rental fleet readiness.

Key advantages:

High equipment variety (you'll work on 50+ different machine types)
Fast-paced environment (equipment turns over constantly)
Strong advancement opportunities (rental companies promote from within)
Benefits and company culture often excellent at major rental firms

Certifications valuable:

ASE certifications: T series or heavy equipment certifications
Aerial lift certifications: ANSI/IPAF training (often employer-provided)
Forklift mechanic training: Specialized courses ($500-$1,500)
OSHA 10/30: Safety training for customer interactions
Manufacturer certifications: JLG, Genie, Skyjack (often provided by employer)

Companies actively hiring:

United Rentals (1,500+ locations nationwide, largest rental company globally)
Sunbelt Rentals (1,300+ locations, rapidly growing)
Herc Rentals (400+ locations)
NESCO Rentals (equipment rental, specializing in heavy construction)
Ahern Rentals (Western U.S., equipment and tools)
H&E Equipment Services (construction equipment rental and sales)
Sunstate Equipment (Southeastern U.S., construction and industrial)
BigRentz (online equipment rental, emerging market)

Reality check: Rental technician work is fast-paced and high-volume. Equipment comes back damaged, dirty, and needing rapid turnaround for the next customer. You'll perform lots of inspections, quick repairs, and preventive maintenance. It's less deep troubleshooting than dealership work, but the variety and pace keep it interesting. Pay is competitive, benefits are strong at major companies, and advancement to supervisor and management roles is realistic.

Best for: 91Ls who enjoy equipment variety, prefer faster-paced work environments, want steady employment with clear advancement paths, and prefer shop-based work over field travel.

Mining Equipment Mechanic (Highest Pay, Specialized)

Civilian job titles:

Mining Equipment Mechanic
Underground Mining Mechanic
Open-Pit Equipment Technician
Mining Heavy Equipment Specialist
Hard Rock Mining Mechanic
Coal Mining Equipment Technician

Salary ranges (2024-2025 data):

Entry-level Mining Mechanic: $60,000-$70,000
Experienced Mining Mechanic (3-5 years): $75,000-$95,000
Senior Mining Equipment Tech: $90,000-$110,000
Mining Maintenance Supervisor: $100,000-$130,000+

Remote/specialized site premiums:

Alaska mining operations: $80,000-$120,000+ (remote work, rotation schedules)
Australia mining (fly-in/fly-out): $100,000-$150,000+ USD equivalent
Underground hard rock mining: $85,000-$115,000 (hazard pay, specialized skills)

What translates directly: Mining operations use massive Caterpillar, Komatsu, and Liebherr haul trucks, loaders, excavators, and drills—scaled-up versions of equipment you maintained. You'll work on 400-ton haul trucks, hydraulic shovels with 50-cubic-yard buckets, and specialized mining equipment.

Certifications valuable:

MSHA (Mine Safety and Health Administration) Certifications: Required for all mining work (Part 46 or Part 48 training—employer-provided)
Heavy equipment ASE certifications: Demonstrates technical expertise
Manufacturer-specific training: Caterpillar mining, Komatsu mining equipment (often employer-provided)
Hydraulic certifications: Advanced hydraulic troubleshooting critical for mining equipment
Electrical certifications: High-voltage systems on mining equipment require specialized training

Companies actively hiring:

Coal mining: Peabody Energy, Arch Resources, Alliance Resource Partners, NACCO Industries
Precious metals: Newmont Mining, Barrick Gold, Kinross Gold, Agnico Eagle Mines
Base metals: Freeport-McMoRan (copper), Rio Tinto, BHP, Glencore
Industrial minerals: U.S. Silica, Martin Marietta, Vulcan Materials, Lehigh Hanson
Mining contractors: Kiewit Mining, Barminco, Redpath Mining, Byrnecut
Original equipment manufacturers: Caterpillar mining, Komatsu mining, Liebherr mining, Sandvik, Joy Global

Reality check: Mining work often requires remote locations, rotation schedules (14 days on/14 days off, 21 days on/7 days off), and physically demanding conditions (extreme heat, cold, altitude, underground). But compensation is excellent, room and board are provided during rotations, and miners have significant time off (many work only half the year). It's hard work but very well compensated.

Best for: 91Ls willing to work remote locations, don't mind rotation schedules away from home, want maximum earning potential, and are interested in large-scale mining equipment.

Required Certifications & Training

High Priority (Get These First)

ASE Heavy-Duty Truck Certifications (T series) – Industry-recognized credentials covering diesel engines (T2), drivetrains (T3), brakes (T4), suspension/steering (T5), electrical systems (T6), HVAC (T7), and preventive maintenance (T8). Cost: $112 per advanced test. Time: Study 2-3 months per test; exams are 2-3 hours. Value: Earning 4+ ASE certifications significantly increases hiring competitiveness and salary ($5K-$10K+ bump). ROI: Opens doors to dealership, fleet, and field service careers paying $65K-$95K.

OSHA 10 or OSHA 30-Hour Safety Training – Demonstrates construction and industrial safety knowledge. Cost: $50-$200. Time: 10 or 30 hours (online or in-person). Value: Required or strongly preferred by construction companies, mining operations, and heavy equipment employers. ROI: Improves hiring competitiveness and shows safety consciousness.

CDL License (Class A or B) – Allows driving heavy equipment trailers, service trucks, and semi-trucks. Cost: $3,000-$5,000 for training and testing. Time: 3-8 weeks for training. Value: Required for many field service positions; valuable for dealerships and rental companies. Adds $5K-$10K to earning potential. ROI: Opens field service careers paying $75K-$105K+.

Medium Priority (Valuable for Advancement)

Manufacturer-Specific Certifications – Caterpillar, John Deere, Komatsu, Case IH offer dealer technician training programs covering their equipment lines, diagnostic software, and advanced troubleshooting. Cost: Often employer-paid (or $1,000-$5,000 if self-funded). Time: 1-2 weeks per course. Value: Required for advancement at dealerships; increases technical expertise and career mobility. ROI: Dealer master technicians earn $80K-$105K.

Hydraulic Certifications – Advanced hydraulic troubleshooting training from Parker Hannifin, Bosch Rexroth, AED, or technical schools. Cost: $500-$2,000 per course. Time: 3-5 days. Value: Hydraulics are the #1 failure point on heavy equipment. Advanced hydraulic skills are in high demand and command premium pay. ROI: Hydraulic specialists earn $70K-$95K+.

Welding Certifications (AWS) – American Welding Society certifications in SMAW (stick), GMAW (MIG), GTAW (TIG). Cost: $500-$1,500 per process. Time: 4-12 weeks per cert. Value: Field service techs and mining mechanics with welding skills earn significantly more. Critical for remote/field repair roles. ROI: Adds $5K-$15K annually for field service positions.

EPA 609 Certification (Mobile A/C) – Required for servicing truck and equipment HVAC systems using refrigerants. Cost: $20-$50 (often included in training programs). Time: 1-2 hours online. Value: Legally required for HVAC work on mobile equipment. ROI: Mandatory for diesel and fleet technician roles.

Lower Priority (Nice to Have, Situation-Dependent)

Certified Maintenance & Reliability Technician (CMRT) – SMRP credential demonstrating industrial maintenance and reliability knowledge. Cost: $395 exam fee. Value: Valuable for advancement to maintenance supervisor/manager roles in manufacturing, mining, and industrial facilities. ROI: Opens management positions paying $85K-$110K+ but requires 5+ years experience first.

Heavy Equipment Operator Certifications – NCCO (crane operator) or NCCCO certifications for specific equipment types. Cost: $200-$800 per cert. Value: Some field service and mining mechanic roles require operator certifications to test equipment after repairs. ROI: Valuable for specific roles but not mandatory for most technician positions.

Associate Degree in Heavy Equipment Technology or Diesel Technology – 2-year technical degree covering advanced diagnostics, electronics, hydraulics, and management. Cost: $0 with GI Bill. Time: 2 years. Value: Strengthens long-term career prospects, especially for advancement to supervisor/manager roles. ROI: Degree-holders often earn $5K-$10K more annually and advance faster.

Companies Actively Hiring 91L Veterans (100+ Employers)

Caterpillar Dealers (40+ independent dealers nationwide)

Finning (Canada, South America, UK)
Wagner Equipment (Colorado, New Mexico, Utah)
Quinn Company (California)
Cleveland Brothers (Pennsylvania)
Cashman Equipment (Nevada, Utah, Idaho)
Blanchard Machinery (South Carolina, North Carolina)
Gregory Poole (North Carolina)
Carolina Cat (North Carolina, South Carolina)
Thompson Tractor (Alabama)
Tractor & Equipment Company (Louisiana, Mississippi)
Altorfer (Illinois, Iowa)
Arnold Machinery (Indiana, Ohio)
Ziegler CAT (Midwest)
MacAllister Machinery (Indiana)
Foley Equipment (Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma)

John Deere Construction & Forestry Dealers (50+ dealers)

RDO Equipment (Midwest, Pacific Northwest)
Papé Machinery (Oregon, Washington, California, Nevada)
Flatiron (Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming)
Cervus Equipment (Canada)
Wickham Tractor (New England)
H&R Agri-Power (Southeast)
Mid-Country Machinery (Texas, Oklahoma)
Murphy Tractor (Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska)

Komatsu Distributors (20+ distributors)

Road Machinery (Arizona, Washington)
Kirby-Smith Machinery (Oklahoma, Texas, Missouri)
Linder Industrial Machinery (Florida, South Carolina)
Modern Machinery (Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana)
Roland Machinery (Illinois, Wisconsin)
Brandeis Machinery (Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas)

Case, Volvo, and Other Heavy Equipment Dealers

NESCO (Case dealer, Southeast)
Parrish Equipment (Case, Tennessee, Alabama)
Peterson Machinery (Volvo, California, Nevada, Hawaii)
Flagler Construction Equipment (Volvo, Florida, Georgia)
Carolina Cat (Volvo dealer, Carolinas)

Equipment Rental Companies (Major National Chains)

United Rentals (1,500+ locations nationwide)
Sunbelt Rentals (1,300+ locations)
Herc Rentals (400+ locations)
NESCO Rentals (construction equipment)
Ahern Rentals (Western U.S.)
H&E Equipment Services (nationwide)
Sunstate Equipment (Southeast)
BigRentz (online equipment rental)
Lou-Tec Equipment Rentals (Canada, expanding U.S.)

Construction Companies (Heavy Civil & Infrastructure)

Bechtel Corporation
Kiewit Construction
Fluor Corporation
Skanska USA
Turner Construction
AECOM
Granite Construction
Tutor Perini
PCL Construction
McCarthy Building Companies
Balfour Beatty
Sundt Construction
Hensel Phelps
Mortenson Construction

Mining Companies (Coal, Metals, Minerals)

BHP (copper, iron ore, coal)
Rio Tinto (aluminum, copper, diamonds, minerals)
Freeport-McMoRan (copper, gold)
Newmont Mining (gold)
Barrick Gold (gold, copper)
Peabody Energy (coal)
Arch Resources (coal)
Alliance Resource Partners (coal)
U.S. Silica (industrial minerals)
Martin Marietta (aggregates, cement)
Vulcan Materials (aggregates)

Agricultural Equipment Dealers

AGCO dealers (Massey Ferguson, Fendt)
Kubota dealers (nationwide)
Case IH dealers (agricultural division)
New Holland dealers (nationwide)

Transportation and Fleet Maintenance

UPS (fleet maintenance)
FedEx (fleet services)
XPO Logistics
Old Dominion Freight Line
Schneider National
J.B. Hunt Transport
Penske Truck Leasing
Ryder System Inc.
Enterprise Truck Rental

Waste Management and Municipal Fleets

Republic Services (refuse trucks)
Waste Management Inc.
Waste Connections
State Departments of Transportation (all 50 states)
County and city public works departments (nationwide)

Defense Contractors and Federal Employers

BAE Systems (vehicle maintenance)
General Dynamics Land Systems
Oshkosh Defense
LOGCAP/AFCAP support contractors
USAJOBS.gov (federal civilian positions—WG-5803 Heavy Mobile Equipment Mechanic)

Power Generation and Industrial Equipment

Caterpillar Electric Power
Cummins Power Generation
Kohler Power Systems
Generac Industrial Power
Atlas Copco (compressors, construction equipment)

Crane and Specialized Equipment

Manitowoc Crane
Terex Corporation
Liebherr (cranes, mining equipment)
ALL Crane Rental (crane service and maintenance)

Check company career pages directly—many have veteran hiring programs, apprenticeships, and paid training for qualified military technicians.

Salary Expectations by Experience Level

Entry-Level (0-2 years civilian experience):

Heavy Equipment Mechanic: $50,000-$60,000
Diesel Technician: $45,000-$55,000
Equipment Rental Technician: $45,000-$55,000
Field Service Technician: $55,000-$65,000 + per diem
Mining Equipment Mechanic: $60,000-$70,000

Mid-Career (3-7 years, ASE certifications):

Heavy Equipment Mechanic (ASE, manufacturer certs): $65,000-$85,000
Diesel Technician (ASE Master): $60,000-$80,000
Rental Senior Technician: $60,000-$75,000
Field Service Technician: $75,000-$95,000 + expenses
Mining Mechanic: $80,000-$100,000

Senior/Supervisor (8-15 years experience):

Shop Foreman/Lead Technician: $75,000-$95,000
Senior Field Service Tech: $85,000-$110,000
Fleet Maintenance Supervisor: $80,000-$100,000
Mining Equipment Supervisor: $100,000-$120,000

Management (15+ years, leadership roles):

Service Manager (dealership): $90,000-$125,000
Regional Fleet Manager: $95,000-$130,000
Mining Maintenance Manager: $110,000-$150,000+

Geographic Salary Variations

Highest-paying states for heavy equipment mechanics (2025):

Alaska: $68,000-$95,000 (mining, oil/gas, remote work, extreme conditions)
California: $60,000-$90,000 (union jobs, prevailing wage, high cost of living)
Wyoming: $58,000-$85,000 (coal mining, energy, lower cost of living)
Oregon: $60,000-$90,000 (construction, forestry, union jobs)
Washington: $58,000-$85,000 (construction, maritime)
Colorado: $55,000-$80,000 (mining, ski resorts, construction)
Texas: $52,000-$75,000 (oil/gas, construction, massive job market)

Top 10 cities for heavy equipment mechanic jobs:

Houston, TX – Energy capital, construction boom, refineries
Phoenix, AZ – Rapid construction growth, data centers, infrastructure
Denver, CO – Mining, construction, energy
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX – Construction, distribution, manufacturing
Salt Lake City, UT – Mining, data centers, construction
Anchorage, AK – Mining, oil/gas, extreme premium pay
Las Vegas, NV – Construction, casino developments
Seattle, WA – Infrastructure, construction, maritime
San Antonio, TX – Military installations, construction
Atlanta, GA – Distribution hubs, construction, infrastructure

Resume Translation for 91L Veterans

Stop writing "91L Construction Equipment Repairer" and assuming employers understand. Translate your skills:

Military Skill → Civilian Translation

"Maintained engineer equipment" → "Diagnosed and repaired hydraulic excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, graders, and earthmoving equipment including Caterpillar, John Deere, and Case brands; performed preventive maintenance and field repairs"

"Troubleshot hydraulic systems" → "Diagnosed hydraulic system failures using pressure gauges and flow meters; repaired pumps, control valves, cylinders, and hoses; restored equipment to operational status minimizing downtime"

"Rebuilt diesel engines" → "Overhauled diesel engines including fuel system diagnostics, turbocharger replacement, cylinder head rebuilds, and cooling system repairs following manufacturer specifications"

"Repaired electrical systems" → "Diagnosed electrical faults using multimeters and diagnostic software; repaired wiring harnesses, replaced starters and alternators, troubleshot CAN bus systems and electronic controllers"

"Performed welding repairs" → "Conducted structural welding repairs using SMAW (stick), GMAW (MIG), and oxy-acetylene cutting; fabricated mounting brackets and repaired cracked frames per engineering drawings"

"Maintained accountability for equipment" → "Managed maintenance records and parts inventory for $5M+ in construction equipment; ensured 95%+ equipment readiness through preventive maintenance programs"

"Supervised maintenance operations" → "Led 6-person maintenance team performing field and shop repairs; trained junior technicians on diagnostics, safety protocols, and technical manual interpretation"

"Performed field repairs" → "Conducted on-site emergency repairs in austere environments with limited parts; diagnosed complex failures independently and restored equipment to service under time constraints"

"Read technical schematics" → "Interpreted hydraulic schematics, wiring diagrams, and manufacturer service manuals to diagnose equipment failures and perform repairs following technical specifications"

"Conducted preventive maintenance" → "Performed scheduled maintenance including oil and filter changes, lubrication, track tensioning, hydraulic system servicing, and safety inspections per manufacturer intervals"

Transition Timeline: Your First 12 Months

Months 1-3: Immediate Actions and Certification

Week 1-2:

Obtain 10 certified copies of DD-214
Register for VA benefits and confirm GI Bill eligibility
Create civilian resume translating 91L skills (use examples from this guide)
Set up LinkedIn profile highlighting heavy equipment, diesel, hydraulic expertise
Document manufacturer training completed (Caterpillar, John Deere, etc.)

Weeks 3-12:

Register for ASE tests (prioritize T2 Diesel Engines, T3 Drivetrain, T6 Electrical): Study 6-8 weeks per test, $112 per test. Target 2-3 ASE certs in first 6 months.
Complete OSHA 10 or 30-Hour Safety Training: $50-$200, online or in-person.
Consider CDL training (if targeting field service roles): 3-8 weeks, $3,000-$5,000. Many employers reimburse or provide training.
Research manufacturer dealer locations near you (Caterpillar, John Deere, Komatsu, Case)

Networking (ongoing):

Attend veteran job fairs (Hiring Our Heroes, RecruitMilitary events)
Visit local equipment dealers—talk to service managers, mention your 91L experience
Join heavy equipment technician Facebook groups and forums
Connect with 91L veterans on LinkedIn who successfully transitioned
Contact mining companies if interested in high-pay remote work

Months 4-6: Job Applications and Employment

Applications (apply to 30+ positions):

Target heavy equipment mechanic, diesel technician, field service tech, and rental technician roles
Apply through company career pages (United Rentals, Sunbelt, Caterpillar/John Deere dealers)
Use veteran job boards: Hire Heroes USA, Military.com, RecruitMilitary
Check USAJOBS.gov for federal positions (WG-5803 Heavy Mobile Equipment Mechanic)
Apply to mining companies if interested (BHP, Rio Tinto, Freeport-McMoRan)
Contact staffing agencies specializing in skilled trades (Aerotek, TrueBlue)

Interview preparation:

Practice translating military equipment to civilian brands (CAT, Deere, Case, Komatsu)
Prepare STAR method examples (troubleshooting hydraulics, engine rebuilds, field repairs)
Highlight ASE certifications if earned
Emphasize hands-on experience with diagnostic tools, technical manuals, and safety
Be ready to discuss equipment types maintained (dozers, excavators, loaders)

Accept first reasonable offer:

Entry-level $50K-$60K is realistic (don't hold out for $75K immediately)
Prioritize companies offering manufacturer training and advancement paths
Dealer apprenticeship programs often start $45K-$50K but lead to $75K-$95K positions
Field service roles start higher ($55K-$65K) but require travel

Months 7-12: On the Job and Career Planning

Perform and learn:

Absorb manufacturer-specific systems and diagnostic software
Volunteer for challenging repairs and field service calls
Build relationships with senior technicians (they'll mentor you)
Seek manufacturer training opportunities (Caterpillar, Deere, Komatsu courses)
Document certifications earned and skills developed

Continue certifications:

Complete additional ASE tests (target 4+ certs for Master Technician status)
Pursue manufacturer certifications offered by employer
Consider hydraulic or welding courses using GI Bill
Join professional organizations (AED – Associated Equipment Distributors)

Financial expectations:

Year 1: $50K-$60K entry-level
Year 2: $60K-$70K with ASE certs and experience
Year 3: $65K-$85K as experienced tech or field service specialist
Year 5: $75K-$95K+ as senior tech, field service, or supervisor

Job Search Strategy

Best job boards:

Indeed.com – Search "heavy equipment mechanic," "diesel technician," "field service technician"
LinkedIn – Set job alerts; connect with service managers at dealers
Company career pages: United Rentals careers, Caterpillar dealer sites, John Deere dealer careers
USAJOBS.gov – Federal positions (search "heavy mobile equipment mechanic," "WG-5803")
Veteran boards: Hire Heroes USA, Military.com, RecruitMilitary

Networking strategies:

Visit equipment dealers in person—ask for service manager, introduce yourself as 91L veteran
Attend construction and mining trade shows (ConExpo, MINExpo)
Join AED (Associated Equipment Distributors) local chapters
Contact mining companies directly—many hire based on phone calls and referrals

Application tips:

Mention specific equipment brands (Caterpillar, John Deere, Case, Komatsu, Volvo)
Highlight ASE certifications prominently
Include CDL if you have it
Mention OSHA training and safety experience
Emphasize field repair experience and independent troubleshooting

Cold-calling employers: "Hi, I'm a military veteran with 6 years experience as an Army construction equipment repairer. I maintained Caterpillar dozers, John Deere excavators, and hydraulic systems. I've earned my ASE diesel certifications and I'm looking for heavy equipment mechanic opportunities. Are you hiring?"

Dealers, rental companies, and contractors often hire based on direct contact and referrals, not just online applications.

Interview Preparation (Common Questions)

Q: Tell me about your heavy equipment experience. A: "As an Army 91L Construction Equipment Repairer, I maintained Caterpillar bulldozers, John Deere excavators, Case backhoes, wheel loaders, graders, and other engineer equipment. I diagnosed hydraulic failures, rebuilt diesel engines, repaired electrical systems, and performed preventive maintenance. I also conducted field repairs in deployed environments where equipment downtime wasn't an option. I have hands-on experience with hydraulic troubleshooting, diesel diagnostics, and welding repairs."

Q: Describe a complex repair you completed. A: [Use STAR method] "During a field operation, a D7 dozer lost hydraulic pressure and couldn't operate its blade—critical for route clearing. I systematically tested the hydraulic system, identified a failed main control valve, and replaced it using available parts. I purged air from the system, tested all functions, and restored the dozer to full operation within 6 hours. This required reading hydraulic schematics, using pressure gauges, and working independently under mission pressure."

Q: What ASE certifications do you have? A: "I've earned ASE T2 (Diesel Engines) and T6 (Electrical Systems) certifications, and I'm studying for T3 (Drivetrain) and T4 (Brakes). I plan to earn Master Technician status within 2 years."

Q: Are you comfortable with field service work and travel? A: "Yes. I performed field repairs during Army deployments with limited tools and parts. I'm accustomed to troubleshooting independently, working in all weather conditions, and being on-call. I understand field service requires travel and flexibility, and I'm prepared for that."

Q: What's your experience with hydraulic systems? A: "Hydraulics were a core part of my 91L training and daily work. I diagnosed hydraulic failures using pressure gauges and flow meters, replaced pumps and control valves, repaired cylinders and hoses, and understood hydraulic schematics. I've worked on Caterpillar, John Deere, and Case hydraulic systems. I'm comfortable troubleshooting hydraulic issues independently."

Q: Do you have welding experience? A: "Yes, I'm trained in stick (SMAW) and MIG (GMAW) welding. I performed structural repairs on equipment frames, fabricated mounting brackets, and conducted field welding repairs. I understand welding safety and proper joint preparation."

Q: Why should we hire you? A: "I bring proven hands-on experience with heavy equipment, strong troubleshooting skills, and a military work ethic. I've maintained million-dollar equipment where failure impacted missions and soldier safety. I'm ASE-certified, safety-conscious, and committed to minimizing downtime. I'm looking for a long-term career with a company that values quality work and invests in technician development."

Q: What are your salary expectations? A: [Research first] "Based on my research and experience, entry-level heavy equipment mechanics in this area earn $50K-$60K. Given my 91L background, ASE certifications, and hands-on experience with Caterpillar and John Deere equipment, I'm targeting $55K-$60K, but I'm flexible based on training opportunities and benefits."

Q: Do you have any questions for us? A: (Always ask)

"What brands of equipment does your shop primarily service?"
"What manufacturer training opportunities do you offer technicians?"
"What does a typical day look like for this position?"
"How do you support career advancement and technician development?"
"What's the on-call rotation or field service travel percentage?"

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Mistake 1: Waiting to apply until you have all certifications. Your 91L experience is valuable NOW. Apply immediately while studying for ASE tests. Employers will hire based on your military experience and train you. Don't wait 6 months to get certified first.

Mistake 2: Only applying to dealerships and ignoring rental companies, construction firms, and mining. Dealers are competitive. Rental companies (United Rentals, Sunbelt) hire quickly, offer good pay, and provide training. Construction companies and mining operations often pay more. Cast a wide net.

Mistake 3: Using military jargon on resumes. Don't write "BDAR," "PMCSed engineer equipment," or "motor pool." Say "emergency field repairs," "performed preventive maintenance," and "equipment repair facility." Translate everything to civilian language.

Mistake 4: Not researching manufacturer dealerships in your area. Find every Caterpillar, John Deere, Komatsu, Case, and Volvo dealer within 50 miles. Visit in person, ask about hiring, leave a resume. Many dealers hire based on walk-ins and referrals.

Mistake 5: Overlooking mining opportunities due to location concerns. Mining pays $75K-$110K+ with rotation schedules (14 on/14 off, 21 on/7 off). You work half the year and earn more than full-time shop positions. Don't dismiss it without researching.

Mistake 6: Expecting military pay equivalency immediately. Army E-5 with 6 years makes $40K-$50K base (plus benefits). Civilian entry-level pays $50K-$60K with similar benefits initially. You'll advance quickly—within 3 years you'll exceed military pay.

Mistake 7: Not getting CDL if targeting field service. Field service techs need CDL (Class A or B) to drive service trucks and equipment trailers. It adds $10K-$15K annually. Many employers provide CDL training—ask about it.

Success Stories: Real 91L Transitions

Jason, 26, former 91L (E-4) → Caterpillar Dealer Field Service Tech → Senior Tech

Jason served 4 years and got out as a Specialist. He applied to a Caterpillar dealer emphasizing his experience with CAT dozers and excavators. He was hired as a field service technician at $58K + per diem. He earned manufacturer certifications, completed CDL training (employer-paid), and after 3 years is now a senior field service tech earning $92K plus truck and benefits. He travels 60% but loves the work, pay, and independence.

Lesson: Field service pays well and values military field repair experience. Travel requirements are manageable for strong compensation.

Mike, 30, former 91L (E-6) → United Rentals Technician → Branch Service Manager

Mike did 8 years and separated as a Staff Sergeant. He was hired by United Rentals at $52K as a rental technician. He quickly proved himself as a strong troubleshooter and trainer. After 18 months he was promoted to lead technician ($65K), then service supervisor ($75K), and is now branch service manager at $88K overseeing 10 techs. He's home every night, has strong benefits, and enjoys the variety of equipment.

Lesson: Rental companies promote from within fast. Leadership experience from military NCO roles translates well to supervision.

Carlos, 32, former 91L (E-5) → Mining Equipment Mechanic (Rio Tinto)

Carlos served 7 years and wanted maximum pay. He applied to Rio Tinto's copper mining operation in Utah working 14 days on/14 days off. He started at $72K maintaining Caterpillar 797 haul trucks and hydraulic shovels. After 4 years, he's a senior mechanic earning $98K with full benefits and works only half the year. He uses his time off for family, travel, and side projects. Hard work but excellent pay and time off.

Lesson: Mining pays top dollar for 91Ls willing to work rotation schedules. Time-off compensates for demanding work rotations.

Education Options (Use GI Bill)

Associate Degrees (2 years, $0 with GI Bill):

Heavy Equipment Technology: Comprehensive training in diesel engines, hydraulics, electrical systems, manufacturer certifications
Diesel Technology: Diesel engines, drivetrains, emissions systems, diagnostics
Industrial Maintenance Technology: Multi-craft skills, PLCs, automation, reliability
Welding Technology: Advanced welding certifications (AWS), fabrication skills

Value: Associate degrees strengthen long-term career prospects and open supervisor/manager roles faster. Employer degree bonuses ($2K-$5K annually) are common.

Apprenticeships (Earn while you learn):

Equipment dealer apprenticeships (Caterpillar, John Deere dealers): 2-4 years, paid training, lead to master technician positions ($80K-$105K)
Union heavy equipment mechanic apprenticeships: Operating Engineers Local unions offer paid apprenticeships leading to $75K-$95K+ journeyman positions
Mining company apprenticeships: BHP, Rio Tinto, Freeport offer paid training programs

Value: Apprenticeships combine paid employment with structured training, certifications, and guaranteed career paths.

Geographic Considerations

Top states for heavy equipment mechanic jobs:

Alaska – Highest pay ($68K-$95K), mining, oil/gas, extreme conditions
Texas – Massive job market, energy, construction, mining
California – High pay (union), construction, agriculture
Wyoming – Mining, energy, strong pay vs. cost of living
Colorado – Mining, construction, ski resorts
Washington/Oregon – Construction, forestry, maritime
Arizona – Construction boom, mining
Nevada – Mining, construction, Las Vegas development
Montana – Mining, construction, equipment diversity
Pennsylvania/Ohio – Manufacturing, construction, Marcellus Shale

Resources for 91L Veterans

Veteran Employment:

Hire Heroes USA (hireheroesusa.org)
RecruitMilitary (recruitmilitary.com)
Hiring Our Heroes (hiringourheroes.org)

Professional Organizations:

AED – Associated Equipment Distributors (aednet.org) – Dealer network, training, conferences
AEM – Association of Equipment Manufacturers (aem.org) – Industry resources

Certifications:

ASE (Automotive Service Excellence) (ase.com) – Diesel and heavy equipment certifications
Manufacturer training: Caterpillar (cat.com/dealer-training), John Deere (deere.com/dealer-locator)

Financial Assistance:

GI Bill (va.gov/education) – Free education, certifications, apprenticeships
SkillBridge (dodskillbridge.usalearning.gov) – Last 180 days of service, civilian apprenticeships

Next Steps: Your Action Plan

This Week:

Get 10 DD-214 copies
Create LinkedIn profile (heavy equipment mechanic, diesel technician)
Build civilian resume (use translations from this guide)
Identify 10 local equipment dealers, rental companies, construction firms
Register for ASE tests (ase.com)

Next 30 Days:

Complete OSHA 10 or 30 training
Apply to 20+ heavy equipment mechanic positions
Visit 5+ local dealers in person (talk to service managers)
Study for first ASE test (T2 or T6)
Research CDL training if targeting field service

Months 2-3:

Pass 1-2 ASE tests
Conduct 5+ interviews
Accept first solid offer ($50K-$60K entry-level)
Begin work and absorb civilian practices
Plan next certifications and career moves

You maintained million-dollar construction equipment in combat zones and austere environments. You troubleshot hydraulic failures, rebuilt diesel engines, and performed field repairs with limited resources.

Civilian heavy equipment, diesel, and field service work is easier—but companies need your skills desperately. The jobs exist. The pay is solid. The demand is real.

Execute the plan. You've got this.

Ready to start your transition? Use the career planning tools at Military Transition Toolkit to map your skills, research companies, and track your certifications.

Bottom Line Up Front

What Does an Army 91L Do?

Skills You've Developed

Technical Skills (Directly Transferable)

Heavy equipment operation: You operated equipment to diagnose problems and test repairs—valuable for field service roles requiring equipment knowledge.

Soft Skills (Equally Valuable)

Accountability and ownership: You maintained equipment worth millions and ensured readiness for engineering missions—civilian employers need technicians who take ownership and deliver results.

Adaptability: You worked in extreme environments, improvised repairs with limited resources, and solved problems independently—civilian repair work rarely matches that difficulty.

Training and mentorship: You trained junior soldiers on equipment repair, diagnostics, and safety—preparation for senior technician and supervisor roles requiring leadership.

Top Civilian Career Paths for 91L Veterans

Heavy Equipment Mechanic (Most Direct Path)

Civilian job titles:

Heavy Equipment Mechanic
Heavy Equipment Service Technician
Construction Equipment Mechanic
Mobile Equipment Technician
Earthmoving Equipment Mechanic
Heavy Duty Equipment Technician

Salary ranges (2024-2025 data):

Entry-level Heavy Equipment Mechanic (0-2 years): $50,000-$60,000
Experienced Technician (3-5 years, ASE certs): $60,000-$75,000
Senior Technician (5-10 years): $70,000-$90,000
Master Technician/Shop Foreman: $80,000-$105,000
Service Manager: $90,000-$120,000+

Geographic variations:

Alaska: $68,000-$95,000 (mining, oil/gas, extreme conditions)
California (union): $75,000-$100,000+ (prevailing wage, union scale)
Texas/Wyoming/Colorado: $60,000-$85,000 (energy, mining, construction)
Oregon/Washington: $65,000-$90,000 (construction, forestry)

Certifications needed:

ASE Heavy-Duty Truck Certifications (T1-T8 series covering diesel engines, drivetrains, brakes, electrical): $112 per advanced test. Earning 4+ ASE certs increases salary $5K-$10K.
Manufacturer certifications (Caterpillar, John Deere, Case, Komatsu): Often employer-provided but valuable for career advancement. Free to $2,000 depending on program.
Hydraulic Certification (AED, Parker Hannifin, Bosch Rexroth): $500-$2,000. Strengthens troubleshooting expertise.
OSHA 10 or OSHA 30: $50-$200. Required by many construction and mining employers.
CDL License (optional but valuable for field service roles requiring equipment transport): $3,000-$5,000 for training and testing.

Companies actively hiring:

Caterpillar dealers nationwide: Finning, Wagner Equipment, Blanchard, Cashman, Cleveland Brothers, Quinn Company (40+ independent dealers)
John Deere Construction dealers: Flatiron, RDO Equipment, Papé Machinery, Cervus Equipment (50+ dealers nationwide)
Komatsu distributors: Road Machinery, Kirby-Smith, Linder Industrial Machinery, Modern Machinery (20+ distributors)
Case Construction dealers: NESCO, Parrish Equipment, McClung-Logan (dealers nationwide)
Volvo Construction Equipment dealers: Flagler, Carolina Cat, Peterson Machinery (15+ dealers)
Equipment rental companies: United Rentals, Sunbelt Rentals, Herc Rentals, NESCO Rentals, Ahern Rentals
Construction companies: Bechtel, Kiewit, Turner Construction, Fluor, AECOM, Skanska
Mining companies: BHP, Rio Tinto, Freeport-McMoRan, Newmont Mining, Barrick Gold, Peabody Energy
Municipalities and state DOTs: Every state, county, and city maintains construction equipment fleets

Best for: 91Ls who want to continue heavy equipment work, prefer hands-on technical careers, and want immediate employment with strong earning potential.

Field Service Technician (Highest Earning Potential)

Civilian job titles:

Field Service Technician
Mobile Heavy Equipment Technician
On-Site Equipment Technician
Customer Support Technician
Equipment Field Engineer
Traveling Service Technician

Salary ranges (2024-2025 data):

Entry-level Field Service Tech: $55,000-$65,000 + per diem
Experienced Field Tech (3-5 years): $70,000-$90,000 + expenses
Senior Field Service Tech: $85,000-$105,000 + per diem/truck
Field Service Supervisor/Manager: $95,000-$125,000+

Key advantages for 91Ls:

You're already trained for field repairs with limited resources
You can diagnose problems independently without shop supervision
You have experience improvising solutions and working under pressure
Military discipline and customer service skills are valued

Certifications valuable for this path:

ASE Heavy Equipment/Diesel certifications: Strengthens credibility with customers
Manufacturer-specific training: Caterpillar, John Deere, Komatsu dealer training (often employer-provided)
CDL (Class A or B): Often required to drive service trucks carrying parts and equipment ($3,000-$5,000)
Welding certifications: AWS certifications valuable for field repairs ($500-$1,500)
OSHA 30-Hour: Demonstrates safety knowledge for construction/mining sites ($150-$250)

Companies actively hiring field service techs:

Equipment dealers: All major Caterpillar, John Deere, Komatsu, Case dealers employ field service teams
Rental companies: United Rentals, Sunbelt Rentals (field maintenance for customer equipment)
Mining equipment specialists: Joy Global, Sandvik, Atlas Copco, Epiroc
Power generation companies: Caterpillar Electric Power, Cummins Power Generation, Kohler, Generac
Crane and lifting equipment: Manitowoc, Terex, Grove, Liebherr
Agricultural equipment: AGCO, Kubota, New Holland dealers

Best for: 91Ls who don't mind travel, enjoy troubleshooting independently, want higher earnings, and prefer working directly with customers at job sites rather than in a shop.

Diesel Technician (Broader Opportunities)

Civilian job titles:

Diesel Mechanic
Diesel Technician
Heavy-Duty Truck Technician
Fleet Diesel Mechanic
Mobile Diesel Technician
Diesel Engine Specialist

Salary ranges (2024-2025 data):

Entry-level Diesel Technician: $45,000-$55,000
Experienced Diesel Tech (3-5 years, ASE): $55,000-$70,000
Senior Diesel Technician: $65,000-$85,000
Diesel Shop Foreman: $75,000-$95,000
Fleet Maintenance Manager: $85,000-$110,000+

Industry-specific pay:

Mining diesel mechanics: $70,000-$95,000 (coal, metals, remote work)
Transportation/trucking: $55,000-$75,000 (steady work, union shops higher)
Construction/heavy equipment: $60,000-$85,000 (equipment diversity)
Government/municipalities: $55,000-$75,000 (excellent benefits, pension)

Certifications needed:

ASE Diesel Certifications (T series): T2 (Diesel Engines), T3 (Drivetrain), T4 (Brakes), T5 (Suspension/Steering), T6 (Electrical Systems), T7 (HVAC), T8 (Preventive Maintenance). $112 per advanced test. Earning 4-8 tests qualifies as Master Diesel Technician (significant pay increase).
EPA 609 Certification (mobile A/C for trucks): $20-$50. Required for HVAC work on trucks/buses.
CDL License (optional but valuable for test-driving trucks): $3,000-$5,000.

Companies actively hiring diesel techs:

Trucking and logistics: UPS, FedEx, XPO Logistics, Old Dominion Freight Line, J.B. Hunt, Schneider
Waste management: Republic Services, Waste Management Inc., Waste Connections
Transit agencies: Metropolitan transit authorities in every major city (buses, rail maintenance)
Rental truck companies: Penske, Ryder, Enterprise Truck Rental, U-Haul
Construction companies: Bechtel, Kiewit, Fluor (maintaining truck fleets)
Government fleets: USPS, GSA motor pools, military installations (federal civilian positions)
School districts: Bus maintenance departments (stable, benefits-heavy positions)

Best for: 91Ls who want stable employment, prefer working on trucks/buses/fleets over construction equipment, and value consistent schedules and benefits.

Equipment Rental Technician

Civilian job titles:

Equipment Rental Technician
Rental Equipment Mechanic
Rental Fleet Technician
Rental Service Technician
Equipment Ready Technician

Salary ranges (2024-2025 data):

Entry-level Rental Technician: $45,000-$55,000
Experienced Rental Tech (3-5 years): $55,000-$70,000
Senior/Lead Technician: $65,000-$80,000
Rental Branch Technician Supervisor: $70,000-$90,000
Regional Fleet Manager: $85,000-$110,000+

Key advantages:

High equipment variety (you'll work on 50+ different machine types)
Fast-paced environment (equipment turns over constantly)
Strong advancement opportunities (rental companies promote from within)
Benefits and company culture often excellent at major rental firms

Certifications valuable:

ASE certifications: T series or heavy equipment certifications
Aerial lift certifications: ANSI/IPAF training (often employer-provided)
Forklift mechanic training: Specialized courses ($500-$1,500)
OSHA 10/30: Safety training for customer interactions
Manufacturer certifications: JLG, Genie, Skyjack (often provided by employer)

Companies actively hiring:

United Rentals (1,500+ locations nationwide, largest rental company globally)
Sunbelt Rentals (1,300+ locations, rapidly growing)
Herc Rentals (400+ locations)
NESCO Rentals (equipment rental, specializing in heavy construction)
Ahern Rentals (Western U.S., equipment and tools)
H&E Equipment Services (construction equipment rental and sales)
Sunstate Equipment (Southeastern U.S., construction and industrial)
BigRentz (online equipment rental, emerging market)

Best for: 91Ls who enjoy equipment variety, prefer faster-paced work environments, want steady employment with clear advancement paths, and prefer shop-based work over field travel.

Mining Equipment Mechanic (Highest Pay, Specialized)

Civilian job titles:

Mining Equipment Mechanic
Underground Mining Mechanic
Open-Pit Equipment Technician
Mining Heavy Equipment Specialist
Hard Rock Mining Mechanic
Coal Mining Equipment Technician

Salary ranges (2024-2025 data):

Entry-level Mining Mechanic: $60,000-$70,000
Experienced Mining Mechanic (3-5 years): $75,000-$95,000
Senior Mining Equipment Tech: $90,000-$110,000
Mining Maintenance Supervisor: $100,000-$130,000+

Remote/specialized site premiums:

Alaska mining operations: $80,000-$120,000+ (remote work, rotation schedules)
Australia mining (fly-in/fly-out): $100,000-$150,000+ USD equivalent
Underground hard rock mining: $85,000-$115,000 (hazard pay, specialized skills)

Certifications valuable:

MSHA (Mine Safety and Health Administration) Certifications: Required for all mining work (Part 46 or Part 48 training—employer-provided)
Heavy equipment ASE certifications: Demonstrates technical expertise
Manufacturer-specific training: Caterpillar mining, Komatsu mining equipment (often employer-provided)
Hydraulic certifications: Advanced hydraulic troubleshooting critical for mining equipment
Electrical certifications: High-voltage systems on mining equipment require specialized training

Companies actively hiring:

Coal mining: Peabody Energy, Arch Resources, Alliance Resource Partners, NACCO Industries
Precious metals: Newmont Mining, Barrick Gold, Kinross Gold, Agnico Eagle Mines
Base metals: Freeport-McMoRan (copper), Rio Tinto, BHP, Glencore
Industrial minerals: U.S. Silica, Martin Marietta, Vulcan Materials, Lehigh Hanson
Mining contractors: Kiewit Mining, Barminco, Redpath Mining, Byrnecut
Original equipment manufacturers: Caterpillar mining, Komatsu mining, Liebherr mining, Sandvik, Joy Global

Best for: 91Ls willing to work remote locations, don't mind rotation schedules away from home, want maximum earning potential, and are interested in large-scale mining equipment.

Required Certifications & Training

High Priority (Get These First)

Medium Priority (Valuable for Advancement)

Lower Priority (Nice to Have, Situation-Dependent)

Companies Actively Hiring 91L Veterans (100+ Employers)

Caterpillar Dealers (40+ independent dealers nationwide)

Finning (Canada, South America, UK)
Wagner Equipment (Colorado, New Mexico, Utah)
Quinn Company (California)
Cleveland Brothers (Pennsylvania)
Cashman Equipment (Nevada, Utah, Idaho)
Blanchard Machinery (South Carolina, North Carolina)
Gregory Poole (North Carolina)
Carolina Cat (North Carolina, South Carolina)
Thompson Tractor (Alabama)
Tractor & Equipment Company (Louisiana, Mississippi)
Altorfer (Illinois, Iowa)
Arnold Machinery (Indiana, Ohio)
Ziegler CAT (Midwest)
MacAllister Machinery (Indiana)
Foley Equipment (Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma)

John Deere Construction & Forestry Dealers (50+ dealers)

RDO Equipment (Midwest, Pacific Northwest)
Papé Machinery (Oregon, Washington, California, Nevada)
Flatiron (Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming)
Cervus Equipment (Canada)
Wickham Tractor (New England)
H&R Agri-Power (Southeast)
Mid-Country Machinery (Texas, Oklahoma)
Murphy Tractor (Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska)

Komatsu Distributors (20+ distributors)

Road Machinery (Arizona, Washington)
Kirby-Smith Machinery (Oklahoma, Texas, Missouri)
Linder Industrial Machinery (Florida, South Carolina)
Modern Machinery (Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana)
Roland Machinery (Illinois, Wisconsin)
Brandeis Machinery (Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas)

Case, Volvo, and Other Heavy Equipment Dealers

NESCO (Case dealer, Southeast)
Parrish Equipment (Case, Tennessee, Alabama)
Peterson Machinery (Volvo, California, Nevada, Hawaii)
Flagler Construction Equipment (Volvo, Florida, Georgia)
Carolina Cat (Volvo dealer, Carolinas)

Equipment Rental Companies (Major National Chains)

United Rentals (1,500+ locations nationwide)
Sunbelt Rentals (1,300+ locations)
Herc Rentals (400+ locations)
NESCO Rentals (construction equipment)
Ahern Rentals (Western U.S.)
H&E Equipment Services (nationwide)
Sunstate Equipment (Southeast)
BigRentz (online equipment rental)
Lou-Tec Equipment Rentals (Canada, expanding U.S.)

Construction Companies (Heavy Civil & Infrastructure)

Bechtel Corporation
Kiewit Construction
Fluor Corporation
Skanska USA
Turner Construction
AECOM
Granite Construction
Tutor Perini
PCL Construction
McCarthy Building Companies
Balfour Beatty
Sundt Construction
Hensel Phelps
Mortenson Construction

Mining Companies (Coal, Metals, Minerals)

BHP (copper, iron ore, coal)
Rio Tinto (aluminum, copper, diamonds, minerals)
Freeport-McMoRan (copper, gold)
Newmont Mining (gold)
Barrick Gold (gold, copper)
Peabody Energy (coal)
Arch Resources (coal)
Alliance Resource Partners (coal)
U.S. Silica (industrial minerals)
Martin Marietta (aggregates, cement)
Vulcan Materials (aggregates)

Agricultural Equipment Dealers

AGCO dealers (Massey Ferguson, Fendt)
Kubota dealers (nationwide)
Case IH dealers (agricultural division)
New Holland dealers (nationwide)

Transportation and Fleet Maintenance

UPS (fleet maintenance)
FedEx (fleet services)
XPO Logistics
Old Dominion Freight Line
Schneider National
J.B. Hunt Transport
Penske Truck Leasing
Ryder System Inc.
Enterprise Truck Rental

Waste Management and Municipal Fleets

Republic Services (refuse trucks)
Waste Management Inc.
Waste Connections
State Departments of Transportation (all 50 states)
County and city public works departments (nationwide)

Defense Contractors and Federal Employers

BAE Systems (vehicle maintenance)
General Dynamics Land Systems
Oshkosh Defense
LOGCAP/AFCAP support contractors
USAJOBS.gov (federal civilian positions—WG-5803 Heavy Mobile Equipment Mechanic)

Power Generation and Industrial Equipment

Caterpillar Electric Power
Cummins Power Generation
Kohler Power Systems
Generac Industrial Power
Atlas Copco (compressors, construction equipment)

Crane and Specialized Equipment

Manitowoc Crane
Terex Corporation
Liebherr (cranes, mining equipment)
ALL Crane Rental (crane service and maintenance)

Check company career pages directly—many have veteran hiring programs, apprenticeships, and paid training for qualified military technicians.

Salary Expectations by Experience Level

Entry-Level (0-2 years civilian experience):

Heavy Equipment Mechanic: $50,000-$60,000
Diesel Technician: $45,000-$55,000
Equipment Rental Technician: $45,000-$55,000
Field Service Technician: $55,000-$65,000 + per diem
Mining Equipment Mechanic: $60,000-$70,000

Mid-Career (3-7 years, ASE certifications):

Heavy Equipment Mechanic (ASE, manufacturer certs): $65,000-$85,000
Diesel Technician (ASE Master): $60,000-$80,000
Rental Senior Technician: $60,000-$75,000
Field Service Technician: $75,000-$95,000 + expenses
Mining Mechanic: $80,000-$100,000

Senior/Supervisor (8-15 years experience):

Shop Foreman/Lead Technician: $75,000-$95,000
Senior Field Service Tech: $85,000-$110,000
Fleet Maintenance Supervisor: $80,000-$100,000
Mining Equipment Supervisor: $100,000-$120,000

Management (15+ years, leadership roles):

Service Manager (dealership): $90,000-$125,000
Regional Fleet Manager: $95,000-$130,000
Mining Maintenance Manager: $110,000-$150,000+

Geographic Salary Variations

Highest-paying states for heavy equipment mechanics (2025):

Alaska: $68,000-$95,000 (mining, oil/gas, remote work, extreme conditions)
California: $60,000-$90,000 (union jobs, prevailing wage, high cost of living)
Wyoming: $58,000-$85,000 (coal mining, energy, lower cost of living)
Oregon: $60,000-$90,000 (construction, forestry, union jobs)
Washington: $58,000-$85,000 (construction, maritime)
Colorado: $55,000-$80,000 (mining, ski resorts, construction)
Texas: $52,000-$75,000 (oil/gas, construction, massive job market)

Top 10 cities for heavy equipment mechanic jobs:

Houston, TX – Energy capital, construction boom, refineries
Phoenix, AZ – Rapid construction growth, data centers, infrastructure
Denver, CO – Mining, construction, energy
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX – Construction, distribution, manufacturing
Salt Lake City, UT – Mining, data centers, construction
Anchorage, AK – Mining, oil/gas, extreme premium pay
Las Vegas, NV – Construction, casino developments
Seattle, WA – Infrastructure, construction, maritime
San Antonio, TX – Military installations, construction
Atlanta, GA – Distribution hubs, construction, infrastructure

Resume Translation for 91L Veterans

Stop writing "91L Construction Equipment Repairer" and assuming employers understand. Translate your skills:

Military Skill → Civilian Translation

Transition Timeline: Your First 12 Months

Months 1-3: Immediate Actions and Certification

Week 1-2:

Obtain 10 certified copies of DD-214
Register for VA benefits and confirm GI Bill eligibility
Create civilian resume translating 91L skills (use examples from this guide)
Set up LinkedIn profile highlighting heavy equipment, diesel, hydraulic expertise
Document manufacturer training completed (Caterpillar, John Deere, etc.)

Weeks 3-12:

Register for ASE tests (prioritize T2 Diesel Engines, T3 Drivetrain, T6 Electrical): Study 6-8 weeks per test, $112 per test. Target 2-3 ASE certs in first 6 months.
Complete OSHA 10 or 30-Hour Safety Training: $50-$200, online or in-person.
Consider CDL training (if targeting field service roles): 3-8 weeks, $3,000-$5,000. Many employers reimburse or provide training.
Research manufacturer dealer locations near you (Caterpillar, John Deere, Komatsu, Case)

Networking (ongoing):

Attend veteran job fairs (Hiring Our Heroes, RecruitMilitary events)
Visit local equipment dealers—talk to service managers, mention your 91L experience
Join heavy equipment technician Facebook groups and forums
Connect with 91L veterans on LinkedIn who successfully transitioned
Contact mining companies if interested in high-pay remote work

Months 4-6: Job Applications and Employment

Applications (apply to 30+ positions):

Target heavy equipment mechanic, diesel technician, field service tech, and rental technician roles
Apply through company career pages (United Rentals, Sunbelt, Caterpillar/John Deere dealers)
Use veteran job boards: Hire Heroes USA, Military.com, RecruitMilitary
Check USAJOBS.gov for federal positions (WG-5803 Heavy Mobile Equipment Mechanic)
Apply to mining companies if interested (BHP, Rio Tinto, Freeport-McMoRan)
Contact staffing agencies specializing in skilled trades (Aerotek, TrueBlue)

Interview preparation:

Practice translating military equipment to civilian brands (CAT, Deere, Case, Komatsu)
Prepare STAR method examples (troubleshooting hydraulics, engine rebuilds, field repairs)
Highlight ASE certifications if earned
Emphasize hands-on experience with diagnostic tools, technical manuals, and safety
Be ready to discuss equipment types maintained (dozers, excavators, loaders)

Accept first reasonable offer:

Entry-level $50K-$60K is realistic (don't hold out for $75K immediately)
Prioritize companies offering manufacturer training and advancement paths
Dealer apprenticeship programs often start $45K-$50K but lead to $75K-$95K positions
Field service roles start higher ($55K-$65K) but require travel

Months 7-12: On the Job and Career Planning

Perform and learn:

Absorb manufacturer-specific systems and diagnostic software
Volunteer for challenging repairs and field service calls
Build relationships with senior technicians (they'll mentor you)
Seek manufacturer training opportunities (Caterpillar, Deere, Komatsu courses)
Document certifications earned and skills developed

Continue certifications:

Complete additional ASE tests (target 4+ certs for Master Technician status)
Pursue manufacturer certifications offered by employer
Consider hydraulic or welding courses using GI Bill
Join professional organizations (AED – Associated Equipment Distributors)

Financial expectations:

Year 1: $50K-$60K entry-level
Year 2: $60K-$70K with ASE certs and experience
Year 3: $65K-$85K as experienced tech or field service specialist
Year 5: $75K-$95K+ as senior tech, field service, or supervisor

Job Search Strategy

Best job boards:

Indeed.com – Search "heavy equipment mechanic," "diesel technician," "field service technician"
LinkedIn – Set job alerts; connect with service managers at dealers
Company career pages: United Rentals careers, Caterpillar dealer sites, John Deere dealer careers
USAJOBS.gov – Federal positions (search "heavy mobile equipment mechanic," "WG-5803")
Veteran boards: Hire Heroes USA, Military.com, RecruitMilitary

Networking strategies:

Visit equipment dealers in person—ask for service manager, introduce yourself as 91L veteran
Attend construction and mining trade shows (ConExpo, MINExpo)
Join AED (Associated Equipment Distributors) local chapters
Contact mining companies directly—many hire based on phone calls and referrals

Application tips:

Mention specific equipment brands (Caterpillar, John Deere, Case, Komatsu, Volvo)
Highlight ASE certifications prominently
Include CDL if you have it
Mention OSHA training and safety experience
Emphasize field repair experience and independent troubleshooting

Dealers, rental companies, and contractors often hire based on direct contact and referrals, not just online applications.

Interview Preparation (Common Questions)

Q: Do you have any questions for us? A: (Always ask)

"What brands of equipment does your shop primarily service?"
"What manufacturer training opportunities do you offer technicians?"
"What does a typical day look like for this position?"
"How do you support career advancement and technician development?"
"What's the on-call rotation or field service travel percentage?"

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Success Stories: Real 91L Transitions

Jason, 26, former 91L (E-4) → Caterpillar Dealer Field Service Tech → Senior Tech

Lesson: Field service pays well and values military field repair experience. Travel requirements are manageable for strong compensation.

Mike, 30, former 91L (E-6) → United Rentals Technician → Branch Service Manager

Lesson: Rental companies promote from within fast. Leadership experience from military NCO roles translates well to supervision.

Carlos, 32, former 91L (E-5) → Mining Equipment Mechanic (Rio Tinto)

Lesson: Mining pays top dollar for 91Ls willing to work rotation schedules. Time-off compensates for demanding work rotations.

Education Options (Use GI Bill)

Associate Degrees (2 years, $0 with GI Bill):

Heavy Equipment Technology: Comprehensive training in diesel engines, hydraulics, electrical systems, manufacturer certifications
Diesel Technology: Diesel engines, drivetrains, emissions systems, diagnostics
Industrial Maintenance Technology: Multi-craft skills, PLCs, automation, reliability
Welding Technology: Advanced welding certifications (AWS), fabrication skills

Value: Associate degrees strengthen long-term career prospects and open supervisor/manager roles faster. Employer degree bonuses ($2K-$5K annually) are common.

Apprenticeships (Earn while you learn):

Equipment dealer apprenticeships (Caterpillar, John Deere dealers): 2-4 years, paid training, lead to master technician positions ($80K-$105K)
Union heavy equipment mechanic apprenticeships: Operating Engineers Local unions offer paid apprenticeships leading to $75K-$95K+ journeyman positions
Mining company apprenticeships: BHP, Rio Tinto, Freeport offer paid training programs

Value: Apprenticeships combine paid employment with structured training, certifications, and guaranteed career paths.

Geographic Considerations

Top states for heavy equipment mechanic jobs:

Alaska – Highest pay ($68K-$95K), mining, oil/gas, extreme conditions
Texas – Massive job market, energy, construction, mining
California – High pay (union), construction, agriculture
Wyoming – Mining, energy, strong pay vs. cost of living
Colorado – Mining, construction, ski resorts
Washington/Oregon – Construction, forestry, maritime
Arizona – Construction boom, mining
Nevada – Mining, construction, Las Vegas development
Montana – Mining, construction, equipment diversity
Pennsylvania/Ohio – Manufacturing, construction, Marcellus Shale

Resources for 91L Veterans

Veteran Employment:

Hire Heroes USA (hireheroesusa.org)
RecruitMilitary (recruitmilitary.com)
Hiring Our Heroes (hiringourheroes.org)

Professional Organizations:

AED – Associated Equipment Distributors (aednet.org) – Dealer network, training, conferences
AEM – Association of Equipment Manufacturers (aem.org) – Industry resources

Certifications:

ASE (Automotive Service Excellence) (ase.com) – Diesel and heavy equipment certifications
Manufacturer training: Caterpillar (cat.com/dealer-training), John Deere (deere.com/dealer-locator)

Financial Assistance:

GI Bill (va.gov/education) – Free education, certifications, apprenticeships
SkillBridge (dodskillbridge.usalearning.gov) – Last 180 days of service, civilian apprenticeships

Next Steps: Your Action Plan

This Week:

Get 10 DD-214 copies
Create LinkedIn profile (heavy equipment mechanic, diesel technician)
Build civilian resume (use translations from this guide)
Identify 10 local equipment dealers, rental companies, construction firms
Register for ASE tests (ase.com)

Next 30 Days:

Complete OSHA 10 or 30 training
Apply to 20+ heavy equipment mechanic positions
Visit 5+ local dealers in person (talk to service managers)
Study for first ASE test (T2 or T6)
Research CDL training if targeting field service

Months 2-3:

Pass 1-2 ASE tests
Conduct 5+ interviews
Accept first solid offer ($50K-$60K entry-level)
Begin work and absorb civilian practices
Plan next certifications and career moves

Civilian heavy equipment, diesel, and field service work is easier—but companies need your skills desperately. The jobs exist. The pay is solid. The demand is real.

Execute the plan. You've got this.

Ready to start your transition? Use the career planning tools at Military Transition Toolkit to map your skills, research companies, and track your certifications.